Has anyone got a nice solution for handling files in /var/www
? We're running Name Based Virtual Hosts and the Apache 2 user is www-data.
We've got two regular users & root. So when messing with files in /var/www
, rather than having to...
chown -R www-data:www-data
...all the time, what's a good way of handling this?
Supplementary question: How hardcore do you then go on permissions?
This one has always been a problem in collaborative development environments.
Answer
Attempting to expand on @Zoredache's answer, as I give this a go myself:
Create a new group (www-pub) and add the users to that group
groupadd www-pub
usermod -a -G www-pub usera
## must use -a to append to existing groupsusermod -a -G www-pub userb
groups usera
## display groups for userChange the ownership of everything under /var/www to root:www-pub
chown -R root:www-pub /var/www
## -R for recursiveChange the permissions of all the folders to 2775
chmod 2775 /var/www
## 2=set group id, 7=rwx for owner (root), 7=rwx for group (www-pub), 5=rx for world (including apache www-data user)Set group ID (SETGID) bit (2) causes the group (www-pub) to be copied to all new files/folders created in that folder. Other options are SETUID (4) to copy the user id, and STICKY (1) which I think lets only the owner delete files.
There's a
-R
recursive option, but that won't discriminate between files and folders, so you have to use find, like so:find /var/www -type d -exec chmod 2775 {} +
Change all the files to 0664
find /var/www -type f -exec chmod 0664 {} +
Change the umask for your users to 0002
The umask controls the default file creation permissions, 0002 means files will have 664 and directories 775. Setting this (by editing the
umask
line at the bottom of/etc/profile
in my case) means files created by one user will be writable by other users in the www-group without needing tochmod
them.
Test all this by creating a file and directory and verifying the owner, group and permissions with ls -l
.
Note: You'll need to logout/in for changes to your groups to take effect!
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